Grants and Contributions

Following the JWST ERS and Cycle 1 GO Announcement of Opportunity published on June 14, 2021, the CSA is providing funding via a Grant Agreement to the university to conduct their research using the JWST data.

The project will be about the exoplanetary system TRAPPIST-1 made up of seven Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting a nearby red dwarf star. This system is special because all seven of its planets transit the star: they periodically pass in front of the star as seen from the Earth, thus hiding a part of the stellar light. Moreover, some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets are in the habitable zone of the system. TRAPPIST-1 is thus an interesting system to study to search for traces of life outside the solar system. With these observations, we will determine whether those planets have an atmosphere or not. This will also help the scientific community plan for future observations of TRAPPIST-1 with JWST.

Following the JWST ERS and Cycle 1 GO Announcement of Opportunity published on June 14, 2021, the CSA is providing funding via a Grant Agreement to the university to conduct research using the JWST.

The project targets the most luminous, massive dust-obscured galaxy presently known. JWST data will be used to detect and characterize the stellar content in this extremely dust obscured galaxy. The spectral diagnostics covered by this project will provide a much needed link with the existing ALMA nebular emission line observations.

Following the JWST ERS and Cycle 1 GO Announcement of Opportunity published on June 14, 2021, the CSA is providing funding via a Grant Agreement to the university to conduct their research using the JWST data.

Approximately half of all elements heavier than iron form through rapid-neutron capture. Yet the cosmic origin of these “r-process” elements has been debated for over 60 years. In 2017, the discovery of a kilonova associated with the gravitational wave source GW170817 partially unraveled this mystery, firmly establishing that neutron star mergers do synthesize r-process elements. However, we are still uncertain whether NS mergers are the only – or even the dominant – site of r-process production. The observations will be carried out between ~30-120 days post-merger when the details of the fading light can tell us how far up the periodic table the r-process proceeded.

Following the JWST ERS and Cycle 1 GO Announcement of Opportunity published on June 14, 2021, the CSA is providing funding via a Grant Agreement to the university to conduct their research using the JWST data.

Gravitational wave and optical/infrared detections of the binary neutron star merger GW170817/AT2017gfo revealed the astrophysical site of heavy element production via rapid neutron capture (the r-process). Emission from a "kilonova" powered by the radioactive decay of these elements was used to infer the bulk abundances of r-process species and a handful of lighter elements in its outer layers, but we still have no "smoking gun" evidence that any specific heavy elements, especially lanthanides (Z>57), were produced in the ejecta. This proposal will take advantage of the unique capabilities of JWST to obtain infrared spectra of a kilonova at late times in order to search for direct signatures of heavy element production.

Canada has committed efforts to push humanity further into the solar system beyond the International Space Station to more distant destinations like the Moon and Mars. However, travelling with the astronauts on these longer-duration missions are risks for muscle loss and weakness, bone fragility and cognitive decline, all of which will compromise astronaut well-being and the mission at hand. This research seeks to determine whether stopping an enzyme called glycogen synthase kinase 3 can slow the functional decline of muscles, bone, and brain not only in space but also here on Earth, providing novel therapeutic strategies for human health.

Bone loss in astronauts is a major challenge for long-duration space exploration. In weightlessness, muscles are used less often, thus providing less stimulation of bone. In addition, astronauts often have disrupted circadian rhythms. It is known that night and rotating shift workers display an increased incidence of bone fractures. Molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced bone loss are still unclear. This research aims to determine how circadian rhythms contribute to mechanical unloading-related bone loss using mouse models. Understanding the links between circadian rhythms, microgravity and bone adaptation will help to prevent bone loss in long-duration human space flights.

Reducing the risks to human health is critical for long-duration space flight. Space radiation and micro-gravity can negatively impact health, yet the combined effects of these factors remain unclear. Our project seeks to understand how the combined effects radiation and microgravity interact and damage healthy tissue such as muscles, bones, eyes, and brains using a model that simulates space flight. We will then determine if a dietary supplement can counteract these effects and protect tissues. This study will provide us with a clear understanding of how the body is affected by space travel and begin exploring meaningful countermeasures.

Astronauts lose substantial amounts of bone during space missions. Abnormalities in the way the body handles phosphate
has been linked to bone loss on Earth. Astronauts on the International Space Station consume high levels of phosphate, but
it is unknown whether this contributes to bone loss during space travel. In this study, the objective is to determine whether
phosphate metabolism is altered and whether dietary phosphate contributes to bone loss in microgravity. The results of
this study could inform optimal nutrient contents of astronaut diets and may have implications for people on Earth who are
at risk for bone loss.

This project aims to translate a hibernation-related mechanism of muscle atrophy resistance to astronauts. The microgravity conditions of space invariably lead to profound loss of skeletal and cardiac muscle mass and performance, a phenomenon called spaceflight-induced disuse atrophy. However, hibernating mammals are remarkably resistant to muscle atrophy, and the team has recently identified a gut microbiome-based process that facilitates this resistance by building muscle protein. Here, the team uses proteomics techniques to determine which muscle proteins this process helps build and whether they will counter spaceflight-induced atrophy. The ultimate goal is to create a hibernation-like probiotic to facilitate atrophy resistance in astronauts.

Spaceflight is harsh: astronauts are exposed to radiation and microgravity, isolated and confined for weeks and months. Eventually, their cognition, sensation, movement, and coordination changes, affecting their performance. We will study brain images from previous astronauts to determine how their brain health was affected by the spaceflight using methods that the research team developed to track the effect of aging. An increased understanding of the impact of space travel will allow to better evaluate the effect of countermeasures, which could be applied here on Earth to different clinical population, including patients affected by brain degeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease.