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Data used in the article, Ecology of outbreak populations of the western spruce budworm by V. Nealis and J. Régnière in Ecosphere 2021.

We measured the foliage area, weight and number of buds on young and mature balsam fir and white spruce trees. With these measurements total amounts of foliage per tree and per unit area of forest land can be calculated. These estimates can be used to determine the absolute numbers of insects feeding on these trees, numbers that are important in understanding patterns and fluctuations of population abundance. We also discovered that spruce budworm larvae occur preferentially in buds arranged in clusters.

This dataset is associated with the article authored by Louis De Grandpré et al. titled "Defoliation-induced changes in foliage quality may trigger broad-scale insect outbreaks" accepted for publication in Communications Biology. In this study, progression of a spruce budworm outbreak over several years was shown to be associated with increased soil nutrient fluxes and availability and improved foliage quality in surviving host trees.

Every year, since 1967, the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks (MFFP) has conducted an aerial survey of the damage caused by the main insects and diseases that attack trees. This fact sheet focuses exclusively on data on damage caused by spruce budworm (SBW). The aerial survey is carried out in sectors previously determined according to the damage of the previous year and the results of the inventories predicting the populations of this insect.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

To slow the spread of the Brown spruce longhorn beetle to new areas, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) uses measures to control the movement of potentially infested materials. Slowing the spread of the Brown spruce longhorn beetle will protect Canada's environment and forest resources. It also helps keep international markets open to the forest industry and nurseries in non-regulated parts of Ontario and Quebec and in the rest of Canada.

This dataset is associated with the article authored by Marine Pacé, David Paré, Nicole Fenton and Yves Bergeron entitled "Effect of lichen, Sphagnum spp. and feather moss leachates on jack pine and black spruce growth ". It includes growth surveys of jack pine and black spruce in greenhouse at different stages of development (0-6 month-old and 2 year-old seedlings). Seedlings were subjected to different types of leachates: jack pine was subjected to control (bare soil), feather moss and lichen leachates; black spruce was subjected to control (bare soil), feather moss and Sphagnum spp.

This dataset is associated with the article by Marine Pacé, Nicole J. Fenton, David Paré and Yves Bergeron entitled "Differential effects of feather and Sphagnum spp. mosses on black spruce germination and growth". It includes data of black spruce germination (greenhouse), seedling growth (0 to 6 months, greenhouse) and sapling growth (2-3 years, greenhouse and field, 49°44’N, 79°17’W). Seeds, seedlings and saplings were subjected to different treatments: 3 types of ground cover (bare soil, feather mosses, Sphagnum spp.

Most songbirds in Kluane National Park and Reserve are medium-distance migrants and could be threatened by habitat degradation along migration routes. Songbirds could also indicate whether Kluane’s forests have recovered essential components of habitat after the extensive spruce bark beetle outbreak in the late 1990s. Point counts for songbirds are conducted twice annually in June in a white spruce dominated forest according to the Alaska Landbird Monitoring Strategy protocol. Birds are identified to species and enumerated by sight and sound

Parks Canada monitors structural change in the spruce forests of Kluane National Park and Reserve following a spruce bark beetle outbreak that began in 1994. Understanding stand development after this landscape-level disturbance will be critical for assessing the resilience of this forest to a disturbance of unprecedented severity. It is also important for monitoring the impact of the outbreak on wildlife habitat and the effects of beetle salvage logging outside of the park on forest development. Sampling is done every 5 years in 50 randomly located permanent sample plots in white spruce dominated mature forests.

Forest ecosystems are a vital component of Nahanni National Park Reserve, covering approximately 80% of the park. Forest vegetation condition is currently a composite of three sub-measures: changes in (1) mature spruce stand growth rates, (2) mature spruce stand mortality rates, and (3) understory vascular species composition. The measure focuses on river valley white and black spruce-dominated stands. Data collection is conducted at permanent plots by field technicians once every ten years.