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Stream hydrology strongly affects habitat quality for most stream-dwelling species, and is affected by both climate and land use. This measure, which is colocated with stream temperature regime, reports on flow parameters in 10-12 park streams over time - using in-situ water level data loggers, as well as hydrometric stations.

The influence of water temperature on the ecology of aquatic organisms with optimal thermal ranges is quite substantial, as these regimes regulate activity, growth, survival, and spawning behaviour. In consequence, a deviation from normal temperature ranges often cause displacement, disease, or even mortality therefore water temperature constitutes an important limiting factor for the condition of fish habitat and freshwater ecosystems. The purpose of the fish thermal stress monitoring program at Kouchibouguac National Park is to determine the number of consecutive “hot” days within a particular time period and detect changes in the level of thermal stress imposed on fish due to warm temperatures. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was selected as a focus species due to its lowest thermal tolerance compared to several other fish groups.

Since 2009, up to nine (9) streams (White River, Willow River, Oiseau Creek, White Gravel River, North Swallow River, Swallow River, Cascade River, Tagouche Creek and Imogene Creek) are monitored with stream temperature HOBO loggers to assess thermal suitability for Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). In 2016 and 2017, a second logger was deployed at each of the streams. Loggers are deployed in each stream during the summer, between Lake Superior and the first barrier. Data from the two loggers are analyzed separately for each week and the lower maximum weekly trimean temperature from each stream is used.

Terra Nova National Park employs fixed station pressure/temperature loggers to continuously monitor stream water temperatures over the entire summer at designated stream study sites.

Stream temperature increases due to climate change, land clearing, beaver activity, etc... can be stressful for resident fishes and other aquatic species. Bruce Peninsula National Park monitors three creeks for thermal stress; particular emphasis is on Brook Trout habitat suitability.

Late snowbeds afford critical habitat for many species of Arctic and alpine plants in Gros Morne National Park. Temperature loggers are being anchored at ground level within the perimeter of 14 late snowbeds, which allows measurement of the meltout date for that point in each snowbed each year.

The hydrological regime of a stream plays a critical role in determining the biodiversity and ecological processes of aquatic, wetland and riparian ecosystems. As a result, hydrological characteristics provide important information on the integrity of freshwater systems and how they may be changing over time. The monitoring program assess and detect changes in a Streamflow Index of key hydrological measures in major transboundary watersheds at Kejimkujik. Stream water level is recorded hourly using in-situ water level data loggers.

Contained within the 5th Edition (1978 to 1995) of the National Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution for the two thermal aspects of Thornthwaite's climate classification system. There is thermal efficiency (a measure of heat received at the ground) shown as coloured areas in five classes and summer concentration of thermal efficiency shown by linework separating the eight classes. The climatic data for 1941 to 1970 is used for both aspects.

What? Stream temperatures on third order streams in Cape Breton Highlands National Park are being monitored to determine if mean water temperatures are changing over time. When? Monitoring frequency occurs annually from June 15th to September 15th on various park streams.

In eastern Canada, Harlequin ducks are uncommon and are listed by COSEWIC as a species of special concern. Resident of fast flowing-rivers and streams during the breeding season, their presence and abundance reflects the health of these ecosystems. The park censuses harlequin ducks on four rivers and streams of Gros Morne National Park; the Spring breeding survey is done in 1 day of helicopter surveys, every 5 years in May.