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Locations of automated snow weather stations, active and inactive. Automated snow weather stations are components of the BC snow survey network.

Manual snow survey sampling from snow courses consisting of 10 measurement points. Measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE), and snow density are expressed as an average across the snow course. Measurements are taken three times a year at the start of March, April , and May.

Snow survey administrative basin areas, which are components of the BC snow survey network. Basin codes are used as basis of snow survey station names, and for some reporting purposes.

The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) program provides data and information to track Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues. The Snow cover indicators show how Canada's snow cover is changing from year-to-year and over time. Snow cover extent is expressed in millions of square kilometres and is presented for the spring months of April, May and June. Sixty-five percent of Canada's land mass has annual snow cover for more than 6 months of the year.

Permafrost and snow are critical to the ecology of many northern ecosystems. They influence hydrology and vegetation and can dramatically affect the quality of wildlife habitat. In recent decades permafrost temperatures in North America have increased and snowfall and spring snow cover in the Arctic have declined. These trends are predicted to continue, although with regional and seasonal variability.

Permafrost and snow are critical to the ecology of many northern ecosystems. They influence hydrology and vegetation and can dramatically affect the quality of wildlife habitat. In recent decades permafrost temperatures in North America have increased and snowfall and spring snow cover in the Arctic have declined. These trends are predicted to continue, although with regional and seasonal variability.

This dataset corresponds to daily snow cover percentage at 1km resolution grid over land areas of Canada from 2006-2010. The data are subsampled by 4km to reduce data volumes and considering the geolocation uncertainty of the input satellite imagery. The daily maps are generated by assimilation of daily cloud screened NOAA AVHRR satellite imagery and Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) snow depth analysis snow depth and density fields within an off-line version of the CMC daily snow depth model. The snow depth model is modified to include snowpack reflectance model and a surface radiative transfer scheme that relates vegetation and snowpack reflectance to top-of-canopy bi-directional reflectance.

ATIPP Interpretation Manual

Tow, catch, and biological information for crab caught during the annual snow crab research vessel trawl survey in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence.

In situ observations of snow water equivalent (SWE) from manual snow surveys and automated sensors are made at ~1000 sites across Canada in support of water resource planning for flood control and hydroelectricity production. These data represent an important source of information for research (e.g. validation of hydrological and climate model models), for applied studies (e.g. snow loads) and for climate monitoring.